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Oct 08,  · Follow the steps to update the Display and Sound drivers: Press Windows Key + X key and click Device Manager. Expand ‘Display Adapters’. Right-click on the Display Adapter listed and click on ‘Update Driver Software’. Select the option to automatically search for the updated driver software. Netflix has something for everyone. Watch TV shows and movies recommended just for you, including award-winning Netflix original series, movies, and documentaries. There’s even a safe watching experience just for kids with family-friendly entertainment. Now on Windows, you can enjoy every detail of the world’s favorite shows in 4K Ultra HD on Netflix. Download many of . Netflix was one of the first websites that Microsoft worked with when Windows 10 was released in under Project Westminster. Westminster was an initiative that allowed web developers to reuse existing website code to build a UWP app that could be distributed in the artist-formerly-known-as Windows Store.
 
 

Netflix – Watch TV Shows Online, Watch Movies Online.subtitles persian subtitles: Topics by replace.me

 

Сьюзан быстро встала и, расплескивая воду, потянулась к трубке, лежавшей на краю раковины. – Дэвид. – Это Стратмор, – прозвучал знакомый голос. Сьюзан плюхнулась обратно в ванну. – Ох! – Она не могла скрыть разочарование.

 

– Key Details of Netflix for Windows 10

 

The analysis takes into account the internal and external structures of humors both in the target and source language. Choosing a subtitling strategy involves a decisionmaking process where the internal and external factors come into play and, therefore, rendering humors in a contextually bound medium, such as subtitling , does not necessarily work in the TL environment in a consistent manner.

The inconsistency highlights the fact that humors, even those considered universal, are not digested in the same manner across cultures. This project focuses on translation reusability in audiovisual contexts. Specifically, the project seeks to establish 1 whether target language subtitles produced by an Example-Based Machine Translation EBMT system are considered intelligible and acceptable by viewers of movies on DVD, and The present study investigated the effects of providing subtitles and taking enotes on cognitive load and performance.

A total of 73 English-as-a-Foreign-Language EFL undergraduates learned brain anatomy and cognitive functions through multimedia programs. To do so, the researcher played a simple subtitled music video for the participants at the beginning of their classes, and administered a blank cloze test from the lyrics at the end of the classes.

In the second test, the control group went through the same procedure but experimental group watched the customized subtitled version of the music video. The results demonstrated no significant difference between the two groups in the first test but in the second, the scores remarkably increased in the experimental group and proved better retention and recall.

This study has implications for English language teachers and material developers to benefit customized bimodal subtitles as a mnemonic tool for better comprehension, retention and recall of aural contents in videos via Computer Assisted Language Teaching approach.

Subtitling African American English into French can we do the right thing? Like Mookie in Spike Lee’s Do the Right Thing, translators are at the nexus between cultures, making difficult decisions with sometimes dramatic consequences.

Drawing on the fields of translation studies, sociolinguistics and film studies, this book analyses the French subtitling of African American English in films from the USA. In order to understand and fully comprehend a subtitle , two parameters within the linguistic code of audiovisual texts are key in the processing of the subtitle itself, namely, vocabulary and syntax.

Through a descriptive and experimental study, the present article explores the transfer of the linguistic code of audiovisual texts in subtitling for deaf and hard-of-hearing children in three Spanish TV stations. In the first part of the study, we examine current practices in Spanish TV captioning to analyse whether syntax and vocabulary are adapted to satisfy deaf children’s needs and expectations regarding subtitle processing.

Although no specific distinction will be made throughout this paper, it is important to refer to these terms as they have been widely used in the literature. Neves distinguishes between the “Deaf”, who belong to a linguistic minority, use sign language as their mother tongue, and usually identify with a Deaf community and culture; the “deaf”, who normally have an oral language as their mother tongue and feel part of the hearing community; and the “hard of hearing”, who have residual hearing and, therefore, share the world and the sound experience of hearers.

In the experimental study, 75 Spanish DHH children aged between 8 and 13 were exposed to two options: the actual broadcast captions on TV, and the alternative captions created by the authors.

The data gathered from this exposure were used to analyse the children’s comprehension of these two variables in order to draw conclusions about the suitability of the changes proposed in the alternative subtitles.

Full Text Available Translating taboo words in subtitling especially translating them into Indonesian is quite difficult since most of the Indonesian people are not used to uttering taboo or offensive words publicly. In addition, watching movie is more of social activity compared to reading and that is why reading taboo expressions while watching might be embarrassing.

This study also deals with the strategy used by the translator to translate the taboo words. The main theories applied here in are from Karamitroglou , Ljung , Toury , and Gottlieb There are 70 taboo words found in the raw data and the functions of those taboo words are to express sympathy, surprise, disappointment, disbelief, fear, annoyance, metaphorical interpretation, reaction to mishap, to emphasize the associated item, function as adjectival intensifier, name-calling, anaphoric use of epithet, oath, curse, unfriendly suggestion, and four of the taboo words show non-swearing word or in dysphemism form.

The strategies applied are omission 16, transfer 27, and euphemism In terms of the technical aspect in subtitling , all of the subtitles in the target language are presented at the maximum of two lines at once. However, there are three lines of the subtitles which exceed the maximum numbers of characters being proposed. Since taboo word is not only used to offend someone, it is important for the translator to get the closest equivalence in the target language in order to maintain its function.

The present research reports the findings of three experiments which explore how subtitles and advance organizers affect EFL learners’ listening comprehension of authentic videos. EFL learners are randomly assigned to one of two groups. The control group receives no treatment and the experimental group receives the experimental conditions of one…. Full Text Available According to the theory of human action, Skopostheorie assigns the translation into the category of human communication activity with specific purposes.

Therefore, subtitle translation, as one type of translation, also has its own purposes. The subtitle translation is characterized by instantaneity and popularity. Furthermore, the language of the subtitle translation must fulfill the high requirement in terms of logicality and artistic appeal.

The author also studied the language characteristics and the general translation strategies in the subtitle translation. In conclusion, the author comes up with the suitable translation strategies for this particular translation practice: naturalization, adding and omitting, logic combing and structure re-organizing, and choosing between styles.

Captions and subtitles as a form of scaffolding for audiovisual materials has gained much attention in second or foreign language L2 learning in recent years and various studies report their positive effects on learners’ listening comprehension. However, few attempts have been made to investigate how textual information specifically affects the…. Listening, watching, reading and writing simultaneously in a foreign language is very complex.

This paper is part of wider research which explores the use of audiovisual comprehension questions imprinted in the video image in the form of subtitles and synchronized with the relevant fragments for the purpose of language learning and testing.

The paper argues the development of audiovisual translation mainly focuses on the strand of film subtitle translation in the West and China.

Firstly, the paper discusses film translation from the perspective of the West and critically reviews the achievements produced by western researchers. Secondly, the paper analyzes film translation from Chinese perspective and outlines its change and development in Mainland China. Thirdly, some major issues exited in film translation such as cultural p This study is a descriptive qualitative and library study.

The data was collected through observation and note taking techniques. The framework of this study is Delabatista concerning with types of wordplay translation and Humanika about the techniques to translate the wordplay. This study found that there are three types of wordplay; they are the phonological structure homonymy and homophony, the lexical development idiom and the syntactic structure.

The techniques of translating wordplay found consist of literal translation, loan translation, situational translation and no translation.

Full Text Available Abstract. The research of translation strategy is to serve translations of ESTD in earlier days. The 21 S century is the information times. The development of science and technology is quick. Quantities of ESTD grow explosively. Translations of English Subtitle Television Dramas play a significant role in the progress of Chinese science and technology. Although the quality of traditional manual translations is very good, the speed of translation is too slow.

Traditional manual translations can not meet the need of translations of ESTD day by day. It is a new topic to face the new stern challenge and follow the development’s steps of the times for technical translators. The paper will discuss the transformation of translation idea, and suggest carrying on translation strategy, web page translation and software translation. Finally, the author states her views on the implementation of computer assistant translation, the managements of translation projects and information-shared platform.

This article explores the effects of collaborative reverse subtitling as an activity for the promotion of writing skills in English as a second language. An initial analysis is undertaken of the pros and cons of the role of translation in second language learning historically and the role of information and communication technology in this….

Testing audiovisual comprehension tasks with questions embedded in videos as subtitles : a pilot multimethod study. Compared to viewings where the comprehension activity is available only on paper, this innovative methodology may provide some benefits. Among them, This paper will focus on a specific item within the NASA Electronic Information Accessibility Policy – Multimedia Presentation shall have synchronized caption; thus making information accessible to a person with hearing impairment.

This synchronized caption will assist a person with hearing or cognitive disability to access the same information as everyone else. This paper focuses on the research and implementation for CC subtitle option support to video multimedia.

The goal of this research is identify the best available open-source free software to achieve synchronized captions requirement and achieve savings, while meeting the security requirement for Government information integrity and assurance. CC and subtitling are processes that display text within a video to provide additional or interpretive information for those whom may need it or those whom chose it.

Closed captions typically show the transcription of the audio portion of a program video as it occurs either verbatim or in its edited form , sometimes including non-speech elements such as sound effects.

The transcript can be provided by a third party source or can be extracted word for word from the video. This feature can be made available for videos in two forms: either Soft-Coded or Hard-Coded.

Soft-Coded is the more optional version of CC, where you can chose to turn them on if you want, or you can turn them off. Most of the time, when using the Soft-Coded option, the transcript is also provided to the view along-side the video. This option is subject to compromise, whereas the transcript is merely a text file that can be changed by anyone who has access to it. With this option the integrity of the CC is at the mercy of the user.

A Hard-Coded CC transcript is embedded within a video, without the option of removal. With the development of globalization and the intimate touch between China and western countries, it is the information exchange between countries that makes the rapid development of English culture and the inheritance of Chinese culture. And as the important tools and two modern cultural medias for cultural exchange, TV and film are essential in our life, and subtitle translation appeared in people’s sights.

As one of the most important theories in translation, U. Bureau was who first use the cultural adaptation theory. He defined it as’ a psychological change from an alien culture to a new cultural. In this thesis, we will take Western magical fantasy series of movies-Harry Potter as an example, analyzing the importance of the cultural adaptability. Firstly, I will briefly introduce the book and movie about Harry Potter, then explain the content and application of this function, finaly this paper will combine cultural difference and custom difference with religion difference to illustrate that cultural adaptability is main theory in translation.

Combining with Harry Potter, I hope this research will help people to have a better understanding of cross-cultural communication and make this film more colorful and shining. Although translation enables the exchange of socio-cultural values and ideas across different languages and cultures, it is susceptible to manipulation in terms of political and ideological control.

This paper examines interventions by Chinese authorities in the online distribution of foreign audio-visual products. Such interventions are undertaken to secure broadcasting and distribution rights of the government which also encompass more conventional media from other countries, such as television, in promoting mainstream ideological values and political agendas. Censorship institutions supervise the selection of specific media products to be imported and translated for the Chinese market not only to ensure ease of comprehension but also for political correctness, with a view to avoid any clashes of cultures and ideologies.

In the last decade, Chinese audiences have the rise of new media facilitating the wide-spread online viewing of foreign TV and thereby changing the dynamic of access and dissemination of foreign entertainment media in China. We argue that censorship institutions in China opt to adopt alternative strategies, or in many cases more relaxed criteria, in appraising foreign audiovisual products, in order to cater the demands of the new generation of Chinese audiences in those officially supervised media rather than suppressing their needs outright.

We will dwell into the Chinese- subtitled version of the second season of the American political drama House of Cards Netflix , as released by Sohu, the largest online franchise in China. We consider the outcome of subtitling “honest” in terms of the exposure of sensitive information and controversial cultural and political allusions to the.

Indonesia is the largest Hollywood movie industry target market in Southeast Asia in Hollywood movies distributed in Indonesia targeted people in all range of ages including children. Low awareness of guiding children while watching movies make them could watch any rated films even the unsuitable ones for their ages.

Even after being translated into Bahasa and passed the censorship phase, words that uncomfortable for children to watch still exist. The purpose of this research is to cluster box office Hollywood movies based on Indonesian subtitle , revenue, IMDb user rating and genres as one of the reference for adults to choose right movies for their children to watch.

Text mining is used to extract words from the subtitles and count the frequency for three group of words bad words, sexual words and terror words , while Partition Around Medoids PAM Algorithm with Gower similarity coefficient as proximity matrix is used as clustering method.

We clustered movies from until first half of from IMDb. Cluster with highest silhouette coefficient value 0. Animation, Adventure and Comedy movies with high revenue like in cluster 5 is recommended for children to watch, while Comedy movies with high revenue like in cluster 4 should be avoided to watch. Porter, C. This paper presents analytical and empirical data that provide technical support for the position that mixed debris debris contaminated with both radioactive and hazardous constituents treated by immobilization in accordance with 40 CFR A proposed two-tier approach for waste form performance criteria is discussed.

The aims of the article are to find out whether the element of meaning or the composition of meaning and form gets preference in the Lithuanian translation; to present the perception and use of the term idiom in English and Lithuanian; and to show the processes which take place during the translation of English idioms containing proper nouns.

Full Text Available This study set out to compare the effect of modality of presentation subtitled vs. The sample was asked to watch five five-minute documentary clips with the presentation format varied in terms of the verbal information, which was alternatively given in soundtracks and subtitles. Thus, while one group was presented with subtitled documentary excerpts, the other group watched the same clips with the sound tracks.

Comparison of the two groups on Mann-Whitney U test illustrated that there is not any significant difference between the rate of comprehension of subtitled documentaries as opposed to audible documentaries. To this aim, the design elements that lead to its implementation are documented: contents per unit, methodology and evaluation. The paper is expected to evidence the key points of the proposal and to promote the practical application of audiovisual translation pedagogy.

Full Text Available Listening, watching, reading and writing simultaneously in a foreign language is very complex. Among them, it could reduce the conflict in visual attention between watching the video and completing the task, by spatially and temporally approximating the questions and the relevant fragments. The technique is seen as especially beneficial for students with a low proficiency language level.

A multimethod design Morse, involving the sequential collection of three quantitative datasets was employed. A total of 41 learners of Spanish as a foreign language SFL participated in the study 22 in the control group and 19 in the experimental one. Informants were selected by non-probabilistic sampling. The results showed that imprinted questions did not have any effect on test performance.

Globally, students in the experimental group agreed that the embedded questions helped them to complete the tasks. Furthermore, most of them were in favour of having the questions imprinted in the video in the audiovisual comprehension test of the final exam. On the whole, these studies suggest that this technique has. Abstract: Translation and audiovisual materials have proven effective tools for foreign language acquisition.

This article addresses audiovisual translation from a pedagogical perspective, focussing primarily on subtitling. The aim is to document their effectiveness as a teaching method for the acquisition of vocabulary in a foreign language. This might happen since they have limitation in vocabulary mastery due to their hearing impairment. It is recognized that physically, the students have severely to profoundly pre-lingual deafness.

They cannot hear conversational speech, but they may still hear loud sound. Vision is their primary modality for communication. Their individual speech is not easy to understand. Psychological characteristics are seen from their spoken language development, communication ability, academic achievement, social adaptation, and intelligence. To solve their limitation in acquiring vocabulary through hearing, SDH is offered.

SDH is a media that can be used to introduce a concept of word by visualizing the concept audio-visually as well as literally. The visual context on the subtitled video made the students easy to comprehend the vocabulary.

Thus, it helps the students understand the story structure of the video. It encouraged other language activity to take place in the class. Thus, after the implementation of SDH, the students demonstrated increased vocabulary mastery. In the interview, it was revealed that the students have valuable classroom activity with SDH. They showed their attractiveness toward the class. Layout ppp. Key Words: Audiovisual translation, screen translation, Subtitling , intralanguage subtitling , academic literacy, This information is used to Input on Implicit and Explicit memory: An.

Chatbot trained on movie dialogue. A chatbot is a computer program that engages in written or spoken conversation with a human user. This project aims to investigate the possibility of training a chatbot in using movie dialogue in generating the response. Movie dialogue can be found in both movie scripts as well as subtitles , though using subtitles is much easier as they follow a special formatting.

Using one subtitle as a response to each word found in the preceding subtitle , the implemented chatbot links together subtitles. Full Text Available Nowadays, the tasks of translation, subtitle and dubbing professionals are frequently required and also considered fundamental due to the television industry development and its great significance. Concerning this aspect, this research aims to analyze previously selected subtitles fragments, which involve humor, from the sitcom The Big Bang Theory — usually related to cultural-linguistic aspects — which present challenges to the translator.

The analyses of these excerpts were made from a qualitative approach, considering the profile of the virtual subtitlers , ABNT norms to subtitle genre and the theories applied to humor translation. It was possible to conclude, through the analyses of the subtitles , that due to the lack of accurate referents between the languages and also the specificities of the subtitle genre, humor was sometimes reconstructed in the target language.

In this way, it is considered unjustifiable to focus on the concept of fidelity related to linguistics when it comes to a subtitle translation. Full Text Available Screen translations involve oral translation known as dubbing and revoicing.

Re-voicing consists of lip-sync dubbing, free commentary, narration and voice over. The written version is called subtitle. Dubbing and subtitling are two preferred mode used in the screen translation even though various numbers of current options are available nowadays. Dubbing commenced to be used in larger countries in Europe meanwhile smaller countries apply subtitling because it is more economical than dubbing.

In Indonesia, the use of dubbing as well as subtitle are found. Anime occasionally makes an innovative use of graphemes on screen, but this has not been studied so far. These graphemes are categorised into two types: 1 the ones that are part of the original anime and 2 the graphemes added in fansubbed anime. Even if this freedom can sometimes be taken to the extreme—with subtitles covering the entire screen—fansubs have shown creative subtitling solutions, specially in the case of graphemes that cover a great part of the screen.

After describing and analysing these graphemes and how they have been subtitled , this article concludes that, even if fansubs can frequently be excessive, they are at the fore of creativity, and present better solutions than official subtitles in the translation of graphemes in anime. Selling safety: the use of celebrities in improving awareness of safety in commercial aviation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influential power of a celebrity to convey key safety messages in commercial aviation using a pre-flight safety briefing video. In addition, the present research sought to examine the effectiveness of subtitles in aiding the recall of these important messages as well as how in-cabin aircraft noise affects recall of this information. A total of participants were randomly divided into four groups no noise without subtitles , no noise with subtitles , noise without subtitles and noise with subtitles and following exposure to a pre-recorded pre-flight safety briefing video were tested for recall of key safety messages within that video.

Participants who recognised and recalled the name of the celebrity in the safety briefing video recalled significantly more of the messages than participants who did not recognise the celebrity. Subtitles were also found to be effective, however, only in the presence of representative in-cabin aircraft noise.

Practitioner Summary: Passenger attention to pre-flight safety briefings on commercial aircraft is poor. Utilising the celebrity status of a famous person may overcome this problem. Results suggest that celebrities do increase the recall of safety-related information.

Screen translations involve oral translation known as dubbing and revoicing. Dubbing commenced to be used in larger countries in Europe meanwhile smaller countries apply subtitling because it is more The effect of written text on comprehension of spoken English as a foreign language.

Based on cognitive load theory, this study investigated the effect of simultaneous written presentations on comprehension of spoken English as a foreign language. Learners’ language comprehension was compared while they used 3 instructional formats: listening with auditory materials only, listening with a full, written script, and listening with simultaneous subtitled text.

Listening with the presence of a script and subtitles led to better understanding of the scripted and subtitled passage but poorer performance on a subsequent auditory passage than listening with the auditory materials only. Q: How to find the first node of group and combine with subtree in a single Where-clause? The program can play animation loops, or you can set the slideshow to play in full or reduced lengths. So you can adjust the duration according to your needs and set the operation to turn on or off at certain time intervals.

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Journal of Organizational Computing, 5, It is attempted to explore how new IS environments create new challenges for marketing and understanding online consumer behavior. The expected final outcome will be twofold. Second, to provide evidence about how various types of store layout affect the shopping process.

Simultaneously, they can talk with their friends socialization or find new friends, play electronic games entertainment , build houses interior and exterior decoration , develop furniture, buy and sell both virtual and real products e-commerce and numerous others activities. There are more than a hundred of VWs at the time of crafting the present research. Web retailing had been the descendant of brick- and- mortar stores and internet became the vaulting horse for other retailing channels such as mobile-commerce and TV- commerce.

Virtual reality retailing VRR is growing rapidly and will account for a substantial proportion of retail sales in the future. Along these lines Vrechopoulos et al. Mazursky and Vinitzky stated that highly vivid interfaces such as 3D virtual stores provide motives, emotions, meanings and communication which are represented objectively.

Along these lines Papadopoulou stated that the use of virtual reality for online shopping environments provides a superior customer experience in comparison with conventional Web1. Elaborating on these research questions as provided through the literature review and the initial exploratory study desk research the following generic research hypothesis could be formulated: H1: Virtual Reality Retailing Store Atmosphere VRSSA affects Consumer Behaviour.

Consumer Survey 2. Steps of methodology Specifically, the first step we are going to follow is to define a broad statement of the general problem and identification of the specific components as far as virtual reality retailing store atmosphere is concerned.

Afterwards, we are going to refine statements of the specific components of the problem, and in case that is essential we may have to break down some components of the statements into subcomponents or research questions.

The next step we are going to follow is to design a framework detailing the necessary procedures for conducting the marketing research problem research questions, objectives and hypotheses.

In order to test the specific hypothesis and examine specific relationships we are going to follow conclusive — causal research by implementing first the laboratory experiment design, sample design and data collection instrument. As far as the experiment design is concerned, first we are going to make a virtual store in virtual world in order to test subjects and how these subjects are to be divided in homogenous subsamples, to manipulate and measure specific independent variables or treatments.

The following step would be data analysis and interpretation, using factor analysis or structural equation modeling and the final step conclusions, implications and guidelines for further research. There has been extensive literature, examining the role of store atmosphere in conventional and web retailing shopping environment.

There has been extensive research about the three well known types of store layout which are grid, racetrack and free-form e. Vrechopoulos et al. However, due to the ability of flying throughout a shop and can easily watch all, or most of the available products or services, without being necessary to fool around, the store layout may be of little importance.

Probably, the types of store layout need to shake down in virtual reality era in order to be more discreet. Similarly, there is need to emphasize more on characteristics such as telepresense, vividness, interaction and virtual object touch. In sum, there should be considerable research on all the cues that potentially could affect significant consumer behaviour variables e.

References Browne, Glenn J. Childers, T. Hedonic and utilitarian motivations for online retail shopping behaviour. Journal of Retailing, 77 4 , Constantinides, E. Internet Research, 14 2 , Dailey, L. Journal of Business Research, 57 7 , p. Eroglu, S. Berman Eds , Retailing launching the new millennium.

Griffith D. Krasonikolakis, I. Levy, M. Retailing Management. New York,: McGraw-Hill. Lewison, D. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Mazursky, D. What is Web 2. Applying virtual reality for trust-building ecommerce environments. Virtual Reality 11 2 , — II and Gilmore, J. Postrel, V. The Substance of Style. HarperCollins, New York. Shin, H. Understanding purchasing behaviors in a virtual economy: Consumer behavior involving virtual currency in Web 2.

Interacting with Computers, 20, Thompson, S. Attitudes toward Online Shopping and the Internet. Vrechopoulos, A. Virtual Store Atmosphere in Internet Retailing. In Klein, S. Nevertheless t he i mplementation o f su ch syst ems h as b een p roved t o be difficult, demanding m any r esources w ith l ong dur ation.

The f ollowing co mprehensive r esearch is based t he e xamination of ten known i nformation syst ems mo dels: 1 t echnology a cceptance mo del TAM , 2 task technology fit model TTF , 3 a model combining the technology acceptance model and the task technology fit model, 4 Delone and Mclean IS success model, 5 computer self efficacy model CSE , 6 D iffusion of I nnovation m odel DOI , 7 a m odel c ombining t he t echnology acceptance m odel, t ask t echnology f it m odel a nd co mputer sel f e fficacy mo del, 8 u nified t heory o f acceptance and use of technology UTAUT , 9 conceptual ERP model, 10 TIMES model.

This research aims to: 1 review the literature on information systems acceptance models generated by two different perspectives: individual e. Technology acceptance model and non individual e. Task Technology Fit characteristics, 2 empirically compare ten models and their extensions in the field of ERP systems, 3 examine the relationships among fundamental constructors independent and dependant variables and seek for patterns in order to understand the relationship between them, 4 examine the affect of moderators on these relationships such as: age, gender, education, experience, technological or business or ientation, l evel of management and v oluntariness of us e, 5 develop, formulate and emp irically exa mine a m odel t hat i ntegrates elements a cross t he ten models and be st describes the acceptance of enterprise resource planning systems.

T herefore, many large an d mid-sized or ganizations r un a ll o f their major functional a nd pr ocess ope rations using e nterprise resource planning ERP s ystems Peslak The hi gh adoption a nd pe netration of in formation s ystems in g eneral a nd ER P in particular dur ing the l ast d ecade h ave e mphasized t he i mportance o f its acceptance evaluation. The research in the field of Information systems have e merged two main research streams.

The first stream focuses and examines the individual psychological characteristics that influence the technology acceptance. The second stream focuses and examines the technology acceptance as i n overall due to the t echnological an d o rganizational ch aracteristics.

Each o f t hese st ream make an i mportant an d unique contributions to the literature on us er technology acceptance and implementation success and this research first of all aims to present the streams and correlated theories and models, comparing and synthesizing them. The original technology accep tance model TAM is ba sed on pr inciples adopted from Fishbein a nd A jzen’s t heory of r easoned act ion TRA model an d i s a sp ecific adjustment to the field of information systems specifying the causal relationships between perceived usefulness, p erceived ease of us e, attitude t oward us ing, i ntention t o us e and a ctual us age be havior.

The TAM model is based on the perception that technology acceptance determined by the level of the individual acceptance and therefore was developed as a mean to measure user usage. T AM i s ba sed on behavioral elements, ass uming that so meone’s intention to use an information system is free of limitations. In practice constraints such as limited ability, time, environmental or organizational limits, and unconscious habits will limit the freedom to act.

These models pr ovided a theoretical framework for evaluating t he e xplanatory pow er of the interrelated factors regarding t he pr ocess of i nformation s ystem implementation a nd i ts i mplications on t he pe rformance, of t he i ndividual a nd i n t he overall. These models of fer di fferent, though overlapping perspectives on ut ilization be havior.

The TAM model focuses o n p erceived ea se o f u se and perceived usefulness as p redictors of attitudes toward and intention of using a particular IS. The Delone an d M cLean IS success model ex tends t he sco pe wi th s ystem characteristics o n o ne h and predicting intention of using a particular IS and user satisfaction and gained benefits on the other hand. TTF focuses on the match between user task needs and the available functionality of the IT. The literature is f ull w ith researches t hat e xamine t he e xplanatory pow er of e ach model a lone t o a n information system implementation a nd ut ilization be havior.

The incentive for the integration of models arose by t he need to provide significant i mprovement of the explanatory pow er of i nformation s ystem utilization be havior over e ither model alone.

This l eads t o t he second g oal; n amely an analysis o f what ar e the patterns of fundamental constructors dependant and independent variables based on the relationships among them. Both goals a re examined al so in l ight of moderators affect such as: age, g ender, education, ex perience, technological or business orientation, level of management and voluntariness of use on such relationships. For this purpose, a survey of ERP models is conducted these days with the appropriate stakeholders in organizations with a broad experience of implementing ERP systems.

Data sample 3B Ten different que stionnaires, each f or each model, were mailed t o approximately potential respondents, classified into ten groups, where responses were returned with a net response rate of Interviews with the respondents were conducted from January to May , based on a mailed structured i nterview method w hich e nsured that the answers could be r eliably ag gregated an d t hat comparisons could be made with confidence between sample groups.

Each survey for each model includes several constructors for which several statements are presented. First, t he respondents wer e ask ed t o f ulfill g eneral ch aracteristics su ch as: age, ge nder, e ducation, experience, technological or business orientation, level of management and voluntariness of use.

Next, the r espondents we re a sked t o asses s t o wh at ex tent t hey ag ree wi th t he st atements p resented. Th e questionnaire was b ased o n a 7-point L ikert scal e plus ” irrelelevant”.

T he o verall asse ssments obtained in this study are presented in Table 1. Overall Number of Number of No. Data analysis strategy 4B First, reliability and validity tests were d esigned to empirically evaluate, validate a nd pr opose an enhanced survey that best describes each model. The reliability test determines the extent to which the measurements resulting from a test are the result of characteristics of the features being measured.

In other words, it assesses the degree to which test scores for a g roup of test takers are consistent over repeated ap plications o f a measurement p rocedure and h ence a re d ependable an d r epeatable f or an individual test taker. Measurement validity refers to the extent to which the questionnaire represents the overall dimensions of the measured items. Although a test is proven to be reliable, its’ results may not b e v alid si nce st able results d o n ot n ecessarily share v alidity.

T hus, the r esearch measurement instrument was examined for completeness and clarity in a series of interviews with two experienced ERP consultants. Based on their comments, a second examination was conducted after a pilot test, in which 10 different respondents, for each model, were interviewed and asked to assess the meaning of each statement in the model. After validation by the preliminary interviews and the pilot survey, it was administered to the respondents.

Next, we analyze whether we can reduce the number of statements in each model. Such an analysis helps to shorten survey filling duration since some of the surveys include large number of statements assessed by the respondents without damaging the survey or lowering its reliability and validity. Furthermore, s everal models s hare t he same i ndependent c onstructors, although s ometime named i n different t erms, i ncluding t he c onstruct na med “Intention t o use”. The tem e xamined models share some independent constructors and “Intention to use” constructor.

Table 2 pr esents the shared i ndependent c onstructors f or e ach s et of models, t he d ependent v ariable a nd t he nu mber of respondents assessing their statements. Moreover, the au thors we examine the af fect o n t hese relationships by moderators s uch a s: age, ge nder, e ducation, e xperience, t echnological or bus iness orientation, level of management and voluntariness of use.

Based on the results of these analyses the authors will formulate and empirically examine a model that integrates the r esearch i nsights an d b est d escribes the acc eptance o f en terprise resource planning systems. References Calisir, F. The relation of interface usability characteristics, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use to end-user satisfaction with enterprise resource planning ERP systems.

Computers in Human Behavior, 20 4 , pp. Compeau, D. A a. MIS Quarterly 19 2 , pp. Davis, F. MIS Quarterly, 13 3 , pp. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 38 3 , pp. DeLone, W. The Delone and McLean model of information systems success: a ten year update. Journal of Management Information Systems, vol. Information Systems Research, 3 1 , pp. Extending the task technology fit model with self- efficacy constructs. Dishaw, M. Extending the technology acceptance model with task- technology constructs.

Goodhue, D. Task-technology-fit and individual performance. Ifinedo, P. ERP systems success: an empirical analysis of how two organizational stakeholder groups prioritize and evaluate relevant measures.

Enterprise Information systems, 1 1 , p Mathieson, K. Predicting user intentions: Comparing the technology acceptance model with the theory of planned behavior. Information Systems Research, 2 3 , pp.

Moore, G. Information Systems Research 2 3 , pp. Peslak, A. Enterprise resource planning success: An exploratory study of the financial executive perspective. Sun, H. Taylor, S.

Venkatesh, V. User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27 3 , pp. In particular, KM has been recognized by many researchers as an essential component of knowledge- based organizations operating in dynamic, knowledge-intensive environments, for improving their work processes and creating value. One of the cornerstones of KM is improving productivity by effectively sharing and transferring knowledge. The organizational knowledge is embedded in people, systems, procedures and products.

Knowledge workers are required to improve their work on a daily basis in a process that cumulates in a significant improvement in performance for the entire enterprise. However, in practice this may be time-consuming and often impossible. In this regard my research is focused on embedding KM within knowledge-intensive business processes and utilizing organizational knowledge for creating value.

Specifically, I present KM studies that relate to decision- making processes, audit methodology, software reuse and knowledge modeling. One of the Knowledge management KM goals is to improve productivity by effectively sharing and transferring knowledge, activities which tend to be either impossible or too time-consuming Davenport and Prusak, KM has been recognized as an essential component of knowledge-intensive industries, which are characterized by technological uncertainty and a competitive environment Lonnqvist, Over the past years, we have witnessed an increased focus on KM as a major part of organizational strategy in knowledge-intensive organizations and as a significant driver for business process design and reengineering in such organizations Remus and Schub, KM enhances the ability of knowledge-intensive organizations to continuously learn and adapt, and to rapidly respond to changes in technology, market, and customer preferences Lonnqvist, , mainly by improving their knowledge-intensive business processes KIBP.

Both my academic education and work experience have been instrumental over the last three years for the research I have been involved with at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, in two departments, and at the University of Haifa, encompassing both soft and hard perspectives of KM.

My research efforts are focused on knowledge engineering and management, both from human and technological perspectives. Specifically, I have conducted research on methodologies for KM audit and requirement analysis; modeling and design of knowledge systems; embedding KM frameworks within business processes, including decision making; knowledge services; and identifying KM culture barriers.

In the following sections I present several of these KM studies that relate to decision-making processes, KM audit, KM in software development processes and knowledge modeling. The research Levy, Pliskin and Ravid, aimed to illustrate this gap by studying the report of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board, focusing on diagnosed pre explosion problems in decision-making processes, and prescribed post-explosion recommendations.

Thus, one of the forthcoming challenges in the DSS area is to provide decision makers with a working environment that will enhance the rationality and transparency of decision-making processes by integrating data, information and knowledge into a collaborative space for communication and discussion amongst relevant stakeholders within business processes.

The proposed model integrates KM aspects within the existing DSS framework, while taking into account relevant business processes and stakeholders.

Business simulation games can support learning as well as research of decision- making processes from both human and technological aspects. This research-in-progress aims at developing advanced KM systems and studying their usability and performance within a simulation- game environment Levy and Pliskin, Statements by interview participants, in a big global software organization, were classified according to KM lifecycle activities and infrastructure, as well as additional emerging characteristics.

Further analysis exposed tacit perceptions, which in turn led to identification of cultural barriers that may influence the success of KM initiatives. In this studied organization, at the time of the study, access issues were most prominent.

This research also suggested the need for embedding KM activities within the business processes, as well as the need to effectively communicate strong managerial support for the KM initiative. Interweaving a strategic KM plan with tactical involvement of the employees will greatly improve the likelihood of success.

These organizations need to develop their KM infrastructure of KIBP, starting from knowledge audit that is a necessary first step in any KM initiative. The research addressed the conceptual framework of SEKAM and developed instruments to be used during its implementation. A critical phase in ensuring and validating the quality of a suggested architecture is architecture review, conducted by experienced architects.

The research Sherman, Hadar and Levy, explored and analyzed the architecture review process based on literature as well as empirical evidence obtained in a case study conducted in a large software development firm. For the aim of enhancing the review process to a systematic and scalable process, as well as expending its value to future architecture in addition to the reviewed artifacts, this research investigated the knowledge aspects of the review process and suggested a conceptual solution for enhancing the review process and embedding KM within it.

A core asset repository methodology CARM was developed Shemesh, Glasser and Levy, for developing a knowledge repository that encompasses a set of components, which represent abstract design solutions for a family of related problems. When building such repository technical, managerial and cultural aspects should be considered.

The findings show that a knowledge repository constructed according to CARM is conducive to software component reuse, a shortened development cycle and improved software quality. The infrastructure consists of a generic task model TM and software tool – TM Designer — which allow a modeler to create task models that support tracking smart phone users and analyzing their use of smart phone applications.

Based on the tracked usage data, the service provider will be able to learn about the efficiency of the smart phone usage, predict the intentions of the users while operating the device, and provide appropriate help Levy, Shoval and Shapira, In addition, the gathered usage information will enable discovering patterns of use of various applications, and predict users’ interests in existing and new smart phone services and applications.

I wish to participate in the MCIS Junior Faculty Consortium as attending the consortium will give me the opportunity to interact with distinguished IS researches as well as junior faculty members, for discussing teaching and research issues, and exposing to new research directions and methodologies. References Aviv, I. Davenport, T. Lonnqvist, A. Remus, U. Sherman, S.

Shemesh, Y. However, the concept of social entrepreneurship is not yet well defined Mair and Marti, There has not yet been a clear road map laid out from idea generation to new venture creation.

Very little is known about the birth of social ventures, and theory regarding the creation of new social enterprises is still in its infancy. We seek to develop theory on new social venture creation using an inductive approach. Research questions Our main research question is: How are new social ventures created?

Within that, we examine two other questions. First, how do social entrepreneurs redefine meanings towards their social goals? And second, what implications does this redefinition of meanings have on new social venture creation? Research in this dimension is often concerned with the issues of where opportunities come from, why, when and how certain individuals exploit opportunities e.

In the high technology area, Galbraith proposes a four-stage model involving a proof of principle stage, a prototype stage, a model shop stage and a start-up stage. Alvord et al. In their analysis, they found that different organizations chose one or a combination of these three forms in approaching their social mission.

In the first approach, social entrepreneurs build skills and resources within an underserved population to allow them to help themselves. On the other hand, building on the work of Hayak, Kirzner and Schumpeter, Zahra identified three types of social entrepreneurs: Social Bricoleur, Social Constructionist, and Social Engineer.

Social Constructionists typically exploit opportunities and market failures by filling gaps to underserved clients in order to introduce reforms and innovations to the broader social system.

Finally, Social Engineers recognize systemic problems within existing social structures and address them by introducing revolutionary change. We will bring in theories involving the social construction of technology and design-driven innovation to explore the ways in which social ventures differ from conventional firms, and delineate the implications of those differences on the stages of new venture creation. Finally, we propose a stage model that unites extant models within entrepreneurship with typologies of social entrepreneurs.

Research method and approach The method of analysis used is an inductive case study of two social enterprises: Kiva. The how and why questions relating to new social venture creation are highly specific to the organizational contexts to which they belong, making the case study research method particularly applicable Yin The data we used to support our analysis comes from several sources: direct empirical observation, in-depth interviews, and documents.

Primarily, in our data collection effort, we spent the summer of working as a Kiva Fellow, which included one week of on-site training in San Francisco in which we had access to Kiva founders, staff and volunteers. From February , we were the second person, after the two co-founders, to join Worldreader. Our participation began by documenting the growth of their organization, and has since grown to include lending a research-based perspective to their work.

Expected or preliminary results Preliminary results show that the social ventures studied did not follow any of the stage model developed by scholars in the field of entrepreneurship. Pinch and Bijker used the example of the development of the bicycle to point out that all technological developments are subject to interpretation by actors within society, and that the resulting meanings are in turn subject to negotiation. The former was an altruistic act, and the latter a commercial transaction.

Kiva put forth this vision of what could be without consulting either donors to charitable organizations, or individuals who routinely loaned money for interest income. Instead, they questioned the existing meanings of both giving and loaning money, and boldly pushed their modification of those contexts in what Verganti would call a design-driven strategy.

E-readers were substitutes for paper books, and cannibalized publishing markets. Worldreader proposed using the e-reader to go to places — more specifically, to classrooms — where paper books are scarce, seeking to recontextualize the device from luxury to mass-market, the user from reasonably well-off person in a developed nation to a child in a developing country, and the business model from replacing paper book sales to opening new markets. We believe that social entrepreneurs face unique challenges when making these bold, design-driven proposals that redefine how certain objects and processes are understood.

Neither society nor its structures were ready for either Kiva or Worldreader — they faced social challenges in which they were outright dismissed as crazy.

As neither a charity nor a conventional investment mechanism, Kiva faced uncertainty about whether or not it would be regulated by the Securities and Exchanges Commission, and what laws would apply. Worldreader faced a similar conundrum when confronted with a Digital Rights Management systems that locked the licenses for electronic books to the owner of the credit card that paid for them, while neither the children who were using the devices and reading the e-books, nor their parents, had access to credit cards.

Taking into account the implications that these social and legal challenges have on new venture creation, we will develop a stage model for new venture creation within social entrepreneurship. Research contribution First, we bring insight into a new type of social entrepreneur that not only uses market forces to solve a social problem, but radically redefines social meanings towards the same goal.

Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 40 3 : Austin, J. Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both? Austin, R. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 2 : Managing differences innovations case discussion: Specialisterne.

Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 3 1 : Bijker, W. The social construction of technological systems : New directions in the sociology and history of technology.

Cambridge, Mass. Certo, S. Social entrepreneurship: Key issues and concepts. Business horizons, 51 4 : Christie, M. Social entrepreneurship: New research findings. Journal of World Business, 41 1 : Dell’Era, C. Strategies of innovation and imitation of product languages. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 24 6 : Design-driven laboratories: Organization and strategy of laboratories specialized in the development of radical design-driven innovations.

Dowla, A. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press. Eisenhardt, K. Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14 4 : Flannery, M. Kiva and the birth of person-to-person microfinance. Kiva at four innovations case narrative: Kiva. Windows processes often leverage application programming interface API functions to perform tasks that require reusable system resources.

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